New energy vehicle (NEV) charging connectors, often referred to as charging guns, are categorized into DC (Direct Current) and AC (Alternating Current) types. DC charging connectors are typically used for high-current, high-power fast charging stations, whereas AC charging connectors are more commonly found in home charging setups, including portable chargers.

1. AC EV Charging Connectors (AC Charger)

AC charging connectors are mainly classified into three types: Type 1, Type 2, and GB/T, corresponding to the American, European, and Chinese standards, respectively. Tesla also has its proprietary charging interface standard known as the North American Charging Standard (NACS).

(1) Type 1: SAE J1772 EV Charging Connector (J-plug)

Type 1 is the standard AC charging connector used in the United States and countries closely associated with the U.S., such as Japan and South Korea. This standard applies to both AC charging stations and portable chargers that come with the vehicle. Type 1 provides two charging voltage levels: 120V (Level 1) and 240V (Level 2).

(2) Type 2: IEC 62196 EV Charging Connector

Type 2 is the standard for electric vehicle charging connectors in Europe, with a typical rated voltage of 230V. Visually, the Type 2 connector is somewhat similar to the Chinese GB/T standard, but with a key difference: the European standard is designed with raised, solid connectors, whereas the Chinese standard features recessed, hollow connectors.

(3) GB/T: GB/T20234 National Standard EV Charging Connector

As of January 1, 2016, China mandates that all NEVs produced domestically must adhere to the GB/T20234 national standard for charging interfaces. The GB/T AC charging connector generally provides a voltage of 220V.

2. DC EV Charging Connectors

DC charging connectors are designed to complement AC connectors, with each region adhering to its specific standards. A notable exception is Japan, which uses the CHAdeMO standard for DC charging connectors.

- Type 1 (American Standard) corresponds to CCS1 (Combined Charging System 1),
which adds a pair of high-current charging pins below the standard Type 1 connector.

- Type 2 (European Standard) corresponds to CCS2 (Combined Charging System 2).
The Chinese standard for DC charging is GB/T.

DC charging stations typically operate at voltages above 400V with current ratings in the hundreds of amperes, making them suitable for fast-charging applications at dedicated charging stations.