Engine Electronic Control System

The Engine Electronic Control System (EECS) controls engine ignition, fuel injection, the air-fuel ratio, and exhaust emissions electronically to ensure the engine operates in optimal conditions. This enhances vehicle performance, saves energy, and reduces exhaust emissions.

1.Electronic Spark Advance (ESA)
ESA consists of a microprocessor, sensors, and actuators. It adjusts the ignition timing based on engine parameters, ensuring optimal ignition advance under various conditions such as speed and intake volume. This maximizes engine power and torque, reduces fuel consumption, and lowers emissions.

2.Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)
EFI gradually replaced mechanical and electro-mechanical fuel injection systems due to its superior performance. It controls the fuel supply in real-time by calculating the air intake, temperature, engine speed, and working temperature, ensuring the engine operates in its best state, improving overall engine performance while maintaining fuel efficiency.

3.Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
EGR helps reduce NOx emissions by recirculating exhaust gases into the combustion chamber. Controlled by an electronic EGR valve, the system optimally controls the amount of exhaust gas reintroduced to the engine, improving emission performance while maintaining engine power.

4.Idle Speed Control (ISC)
ISC regulates idle speed by adjusting the airflow through the intake system. The control unit compares the actual and target idle speeds, adjusting the airflow to maintain optimal engine idle speed.

In addition to the above, other technologies applied in engines include throttle timing, secondary air injection, engine supercharging, fuel evaporation control, combustion chamber volume, and compression ratios.

Drivetrain Electronic Control Systems

1.Electronic Controlled Automatic Transmission (ECAT)
ECAT adjusts the transmission ratio automatically based on engine load, speed, braking conditions, and driver input. This ensures optimal shifting, improving fuel efficiency and transmission performance.

2.Electronic Four-Wheel Drive (4WD)
The electronic 4WD system uses sensors to monitor wheel conditions and adjusts the torque distribution to optimize traction. It automatically distributes power between the front and rear axles, as well as between the left and right wheels.

Brake Control Systems

1.Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
ABS prevents wheel lock during braking by adjusting brake pressure based on wheel speed, allowing the wheels to maintain optimal grip on the road.

2.Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD)
EBD adjusts braking force among the wheels to prevent skidding and ensure stability during braking.

3.Traction Control System (TCS)
TCS prevents wheel slip during acceleration by adjusting engine output or applying brake force to the slipping wheels.

4.Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
ESP monitors vehicle stability and adjusts braking force or engine power to prevent skidding or loss of control. Different manufacturers offer similar systems under various names (e.g., VDC by Nissan, VSC by Toyota, DSC by BMW).

5.Electronic Parking Brake (EPB)
EPB automates the parking brake, using electronic control instead of manual levers or cables.

Steering Control Systems

1.Electric Power Steering (EPS)
EPS adjusts steering assist based on vehicle speed and steering torque, providing optimal steering response and ease of handling.

2.Electronic Four-Wheel Steering (4WS)
4WS adjusts the rear wheels’ turning angle based on the front wheels' position, improving vehicle stability during high-speed turns.

Driving Control Systems

1.Adaptive Suspension System (ASS)
ASS adjusts suspension stiffness and damping based on vehicle load and road conditions to improve ride comfort and handling.

2.Cruise Control System (CCS)
CCS maintains a preset vehicle speed without the driver needing to control the throttle. It adjusts throttle position automatically to maintain a constant speed.

3.Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
TPMS monitors tire pressure and alerts the driver to abnormalities, improving safety and preventing accidents caused by tire failures.

Safety Electronic Control Systems

1.Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)
The SRS airbag system inflates airbags during a collision, providing cushioning between the occupants and the vehicle's interior to reduce injury.

2.Collision Warning and Prevention System (CWAS)
CWAS warns the driver of potential collisions and can automatically apply brakes to avoid or mitigate crashes.

Comfort Electronic Control Systems

1.Automatic Climate Control System (ATC)
ATC automatically adjusts the air conditioning and heating to maintain a preset temperature inside the vehicle.

2.Automatic Seat Adjustment System (AAS)
AAS adjusts the seats based on the occupant’s body shape to improve comfort.

3.Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS)
AFS adjusts the headlight beams based on vehicle speed and steering angle, improving visibility when driving at night.

4.Night Vision System (NVS)
NVS extends the driver’s visibility at night or in low-light conditions using infrared imaging technology, improving safety.

Multimedia Communication Systems

1.Navigation and Positioning System (NTIS)
NTIS provides real-time navigation and route optimization, displaying the vehicle’s location and distance to the destination.

2.Voice System (VS)
VS includes voice warnings and voice control for various vehicle functions, such as controlling entertainment or navigation systems through spoken commands.

3.Information System (IS)
IS provides real-time information about the vehicle’s status, including fuel consumption, engine temperature, and more.

4.Communication System (CS)
CS enables wireless communication and internet access within the vehicle, allowing for phone calls, information sharing, and even internet browsing.

5.Telematics System (T-BOX)
T-BOX enables remote control and monitoring of vehicle systems through a mobile app, allowing users to start the engine, adjust the air conditioning, and more remotely.