PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller, which is a type of digital computer used for industrial applications, such as controlling machinery and processes. It is designed to handle multiple inputs and outputs, performing tasks ranging from simple to complex, sequential to time-based logic operations. The core components of a PLC include a power supply, central processing unit (CPU), memory, and input/output (I/O) modules.

PLCs play a crucial role in the following areas:

• Open-loop control of digital signals, replacing traditional relay-based systems with their superior logic capabilities.

• Data acquisition and monitoring, essential for effective field control.

• Intelligent digital control, with advanced PLCs offering high-speed pulse reception and output, along with digital control modules and motion units for easier digital control implementations by engineers.

• Analog signal processing for regulating parameters such as temperature, pressure, and speed.

Due to their powerful functionality, ease of design, compact size, low energy consumption, minimal retrofitting, versatility, and easy maintenance, PLCs are widely adopted across various industries including steel, petroleum, chemical, textile, transportation, and machinery manufacturing.