Issue 1: Hotspots in Solar Panels

Causes:

Poor-quality panels (high internal resistance).

Micro-cracks or partial shading on panels.

Risks: 

Severe panel degradation, fire hazards (often undetectable visually).
Solution:

Use an infrared thermal camera (e.g., Fluke VT06/VT08) to identify hotspots.

Replace damaged panels and eliminate shading sources.

Recommended Tool:
Fluke VT06/VT08 Thermal Camera

Compact, rugged design.

Instant hotspot detection.

IP54-rated for harsh environments.

Issue 2: Low Power Output

Causes:

Suboptimal tilt/angle or shading.

Incorrect installation or seasonal changes.

Solution:

Measure irradiance with a solar irradiance meter (e.g., Fluke IRR1-SOL).

Adjust panel tilt/angle to maximize irradiance.

Verify IV curves using a multifunction tester.

Recommended Tool:
Fluke IRR1-SOL Solar Irradiance Meter

Measures irradiance up to 1400 W/m².

Built-in compass and tilt sensor.

Monitors ambient/panel temperature.

Issue 3: Electrical Faults in PV Systems

A. Panel Faults

Symptoms: System shutdown or reduced output.
Solutions:

Check input voltage/current at the inverter.

Inspect connections for dirt, loose wiring, or corrosion.

Use a clamp meter (e.g., Fluke 393FC) for efficient troubleshooting.

B. Load Faults

Symptoms: Low voltage or tripped breakers.
Solutions:

Verify load voltage; reduce load or upgrade wiring.

Replace faulty fuses/breakers.

Test motor windings for open circuits.

C. Ground Faults

Risks: Fire hazards, undetected leakage currents (<1A).
Solutions:

Use an insulation resistance tester (e.g., Fluke 1555) to check wire insulation.

Locate faults with a ground resistance tester (e.g., Fluke 1625-2).

Replace damaged cables and record repairs.

D. Inverter Faults

Symptoms: Incorrect output or shutdowns.
Solutions:

Measure AC output with a clamp meter (e.g., Fluke 393FC).

Check for blown fuses, tripped breakers, or broken wires.

Verify grid voltage stability.

Recommended Tools:
Fluke 393FC PV Clamp Meter

1500V DC voltage rating, CAT III 1500V safety.

Integrated power measurement.

Fluke 1555 Insulation Tester

10kV test voltage, wireless control.

Fluke 1625-2 Ground Tester Kit

Detects ground faults in PV arrays.